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Liquefaction of bulk ores has been identified as the root cause behind the loss at sea of five vessels and 80 lives in recent years. While all these cases have involved cargos of nickel ore, there is a growing concern that other bulk cargos including coal have the properties to cause liquefaction-related incidents.
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Iron ore is the raw material used to make pig iron, ... results from compacting of the cargo during transit as a result of the vibrations and motions which inherently occur during a seagoing voyage. Liquefaction will not occur if the moisture content of the ore to be shipped is sufficiently low. ... Sea wateringress during storage ...
The impact of bulk cargoes liquefaction on ship’s intact stability 49 Cargoes such us iron ore fines, iron ore concentrates, nickel ore, fluorspar, certain grades of coal, pyrites, sinter/pellet feed and others have all given rise to liquefaction associated problems. Those cargoes are fine grained cargoes that are
North of English P&I Club, Nepia, has issued and alert regarding post-monsoon loading iron ore cargoes in India. Liquefaction of cargo is, unfortunately a common cause of ships foundering. Warns Nepia: “The risks of loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property are only too apparent, but if a Member fails to comply with the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code and ...
Sep 09, 2019· The known cause of these tragic losses was cargo liquefaction involving iron ore fines; nickel ore or bauxite. Although all are classified as solid bulk cargoes, there is always a level of water present within the granular texture of the materials.
Iron ore is often stored in the open, collecting moisture during the rainy season. This cargo can become a ‘muddy slush’, a process called liquefaction, in a matter of minutes in the holds of bulk carriers. Bulkers are not designed to carry liquids and the loss of the vessel too often results.
Mar 10, 2016· Iron Ore Fines (IOF) are a product of iron ore, commonly having a particle size less than 6.3 mm, which is transported around the world in bulk carriers. Since the holds of bulk carriers are not designed to carry liquid, if liquefaction of IOF or other minerals occurs, it can cause the vessel carrying the cargo to list or even capsize.
Iron ore loading & causes of iron ore . Iron ore loading & causes of iron ore liquefaction during sea passage & countermeasures Most dry cargo ship losses mainly involved while carrying ores and, frequently, the practice of loading alternate holds. While this method has advantages such as making the ship less stiff and reducing loading ...
Sep 20, 2019· Cargo failure and liquefaction has been responsible for claiming the lives of 101 seafarers in nine bulker casualties that took place over a 10-year period to 2018, by far the biggest cause of lives lost, according to Intercargo, the International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners. Six of the incidents were related to nickel ore carriage from ...
LIQUEFACTION The IMSBC Code relates to those cargoes, which contain a proportion of small particles and moisture,which if shipped with a moisture content in excess of the transportable moisture content may liquefy during the voyage. The finely divided state and high moisture content of iron ore fines would indicate that the fines may liquefy under certain conditions.
Sep 06, 2016· Burden is the name given to the layers of iron ore, flux, and charcoal or coke which heated air flows through during smelting of metal ores. [18] Gray iron is characterized by its graphitic microstructure, which causes fractures of the material to have a gray appearance.
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